Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam which must be fulfilled by every Muslim. In the writer's observation, zakat is one of the pillars of Islam, which is vital in building the welfare of Muslims. Zakat has a role and social function of the economy is important, therefore, the state is obliged and responsible in the management of zakat. With proper management, zakat could be a potential source of funds that can be used to promote the general welfare of the whole society.
The state of the people of Indonesia at this time is felt still very alarming. This is reinforced by the many people who have not had a decent welfare for survival. Data I can from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), that the poverty gap index fell from 1.97% (March 2015) to 1.84%, then the poverty severity index also decreased from 0.53% (March) to 0, 51%. Nationally indeed decreased, but if we look more deeply, there are still certain areas that experienced an increase in percentage, be it on peresentase poverty gap index and the poverty severity index. This is due to uneven development and population density are different in each region.
Zakat is one of the pillars of the Islamic shariah, which has links with these problems. From here began the question arises, how the role of zakat in building the welfare of Muslims ?, This paper will answer it by using the method of literature review of several books and papers relating. According to the authors, institutions zakat, should monitor the use of funds from recipients, whether the funds are actually used for working capital or not.
Educational charity, and laws and regulations on zakat for Muslims also need to be pursued intensively. One of them pushed obligatory zakat to pay their zakat through BAZNAS / LAZ. This is important because not a few people who are still paying zakat directly to the recipients. [1]
Definition of Zakat
Viewed in terms of language, the word charity comes from the word zaka, which has the meaning of: blessing, grow, clean, holy, and good. Said a blessing, because charity will make a blessing on the property of someone who has tithe. Said holy, because zakat can purify all property owners of nature ', polytheism, greedy, and stingy. It is said to grow, because charity is a big reward for muzakki and help trouble the mustahiq . [2]Zakat according to the terminology means, of certain property required by Allah Almighty. to give to mustahiq mentioned in the Qur'an. Zakat can also mean a certain amount of certain property given to a specific person. [3] Zakat has two dimensions, vertical and horizontal dimensions. With a Muslim charity has been strengthening its relationship to God and his relationship to his fellow man.
Zakat in the Quran and Hadith sometimes called charity, such as the word of Allah Almighty. which means, "Take zakat (alms) from their wealth, the charity that you cleanse and purify them and pray for them, because your prayer will be peace for them." (Qur'an, 103). In an authentic hadith, the Prophet. when dispatch Muaz bin Jabal to Yemen, he said, "Tell them that God requires to pay zakat (alms) from the rich to give to the poor among them." (This Hadith is highlighted by many narrators).
Role of the State of Institutions Zakat
The process of formation of zakat management institutions in Indonesia, generally inspired by the president Soeharto's speech on October 26, 1968, which is when the celebration of Isra 'and Mi'raj at the Merdeka Palace. The core of the content of the speech to explain the importance of zakat to the worldly life and the hereafter as well as with the mobilization of Muslim charity can help economic development, social and religious. [4]
The person who has the right and authority to manage zakat is a special officer appointed by the government or ruler. State or Government fully responsible for the collection, utilization and distribution to up to determine Mustahiq (those entitled to receive zakat). [5]
In the history of Islam Zakat Board known as the Baitul Maal. This institution has been around since the Caliph Umar bin Khatab, as institutions set up funds and resources of the people who used to development efforts in promoting dignity, degrees, and the dignity or the improvement of the quality of life of Muslims under Shariah. [6] In Islam there are institutions and organizations that are directly related to the creation of social welfare efforts, such as zakat which has Amil Zakat (LAZ) or Badan Amil Zakat (BAZ).All forms of social institutions and organizations are working to find alternatives to establish social welfare. [7] Board of zakat in Indonesia has existed and grown for so long, but have not yet developed professionally. Some jurists explained that the state has the obligation and responsibility to manage zakat.
Zakat management by the state will support the establishment of equitable economic situation, the increase in productivity coupled with equitable distribution of income and the increase in jobs for the community. [8] According to the authors, in practice, the management of zakat does not always run smoothly, there are some problems and solutions must be implemented. One problem is the problem of understanding zakat, there are still many who do not understand the essence masyatakat actual charity. Efforts to address these issues is by disseminating understanding of charity is good and right.
Influences both of zakat on socio-economic impacts of public security and eliminates the creation of a class struggle because the sharpness of income differentials.Zakat is an aid for poor people and people who are in need of help. Zakat can encourage them to achieve decent life. That way, people will be protected from the disease of poverty, and the state will be maintained from persecution and weakness.
Zakat is one of the Islamic economic system that is accountable to eliminate poverty and inequality among Muslims. In each of the properties owned are social rights that must be paid or donated, either in the form of zakat, alms, and so forth. [9]
Talking about social welfare. Social welfare in Islam in essence involves two main points, namely social welfare Physical and spiritual prosperity must manifest in every personal (individual) who works for the welfare of his own life, so that will form the family / community and prosperous country.
In Islam welfare is divided into three aspects, namely the well being of individuals (embodied by finding sources of income), the welfare of communal in the family / community (embodied by the charity and concern for the poor ), and the well-being of the broader community / country (blessing ahlul Quro and the country prosperous or baladan Guarantees are secured ). Utopia is a country that is able to meet the needs of citizens which includes the fulfillment of basic needs and ensure the achievement of the implementation of spiritual values. [10]
According to Zainal Abidin, there are five things that the government's job or task, namely: "to avoid the threat of starvation, guaranteeing jobs, eradicate poverty, organized social organizations, to make people give a hand". [11]
The assignments in principle commanded the Qur'an for example in the case of avoiding the threat of famine. Al-Qur'an Surat al-Isra 'verse 31 confirms that the human family should be optimistic and do not be afraid because of poverty, because the wealth has been determined by God. Government is the representative of God who must pay attention to his people. Furthermore, it will be held accountable by God.
In terms of job guarantees, confirmed that the distribution of Zakat is to ensure the life of eight groups. Among the groups that are guaranteed is indigent and poor. The problem is, whether it guarantees the treasures that are generally incidental (temporary help), or in the form of a job so seriously permanent nature (aid theta p). If such a job then Zakat can translate into jobs that can provide employment to the poor-poor. Countries may specify the zakat and both have the right to set the method zakat closer to the purpose and nature of charity itself, in the form of property or employment.
According to the authors, the modern age requires a systematic and effective manner, so that zakat higher value and more tangible results. Intention of giving zakat to the eight groups is to ensure the welfare of the weaker classes of society. Collateral in the form of work is more efficient and permanent than financial security and possessions. In combating poverty, Islam teaches that poverty means fighting for his life, but the results are not living from earning his living as a family, then poverty means that the struggle did not give any results. [12]
Thus it can be said that the government must memperhatikam society. Obligations and rights of the rich, the poor, and the government should be implemented hand in hand in order to create a fair society, prosperous, and prosper. Duties and obligations of this can be done by improving and optimizing the role of the state to institute zakat.
Conclusion
Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam which must be fulfilled by every Muslim. Zakathas two dimensions, namely vertical and horizontal dimensions as well as the role and function of socio-economic importance . S eorang Muslims has strengthen its relationship to God and his relationship to his fellow man to tithe . Z AKAT could be a source of potential funding d ith good management that can be used to promote the general welfare of the entire community. Therefore n egara obliged and responsible in the management of zakat.
The person who has the right and authority to manage zakat is a special officer appointed by the government or ruler. State or Government fully responsible for the collection, utilization and distribution to up to determine Mustahiq. Zakat can encourage them to achieve decent life. M asyarakat will be protected from the disease of poverty, and the state will be maintained from persecution and weakness. M embangun welfare of the people can be done with charity efforts for the funds disbursed can be used as capital for economic recovery Muslim family.
Bibliography
A. Rauf al Hashim and the US Rashid, Zakat , (Jakarta: Grafikatama Jaya 2005
Ahmad, Zainal Abidin, the Fundamentals of Islamic Economics, Jakarta: BulanBintang, 1979.
Al-Zuhayly, Wahbah, Zakat: A Study of Sects , Bandung: PT. Teen Rodakarya Offset, 1995.
Isnaini, Zakat on Earning in the Perspective of Islamic law , Yogyakarta: Nijhoff, 2008.
Murshid, mechanism of collecting Zakat, Sadaqah Infaq Dan (According to Islamic Law And Legal) , Yogyakarta: Magistra Insania Press, 2006.
http://navisiis.blogspot.co.id/2014/04/makalah-zakat-sebagai-upaya-membangun.html, downloadable on October 27, 2016 08:24 pm clock.
https://marx83.wordpress.com/tag/negara-sejahtera/ , downloadable on October 27, 2016 Hour 8:24 pm.
https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/11067-uu.pengelolaan.zakat.perlu.disempurnakan download on October 27, 2016 Hour 8:24 pm.
[1] https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/11067-uu.pengelolaan.zakat.perlu.disempurnakandownload on October 27, 2016 08:24 pm clock.
[7] http://navisiis.blogspot.co.id/2014/04/makalah-zakat-sebagai-upaya-membangun.html, downloadable on October 27, 2016 08:24 pm clock.
[10] https://marx83.wordpress.com/tag/negara-sejahtera/,downloadable on October 27, 2016 08:24 pm clock.
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